Bone Augmentation and its Procedure.

Bone Augmentation and its Procedure.

Dental implants are successful, only if there is enough bone to support it in the jawbone. There may not be enough bone in the jawDue to tooth loss from periodontal (gum) disease,After injury or trauma,In developmental defects orIn people with jaw which is too short (up and down), too narrow (side to side) or bothBone augmentation is a procedure in which the jaw bone is built up by bone grafting (with bone or bonelike materials) so that dental implants can be placed. The grafted material fuses with the jaw bone in a few months. Your dentist after examining you will decide the procedure that can be used for bone augmentation based on the type, location and number of implants to be used. Implant is usually placed 6 to 12 months after the bone-augmentation procedure. 

Where Does the Bone Come From

 In most bone-augmentation procedures bone grafts are used and your own bone is considered as the best material for augmentation. Bone is mostly taken from the chin or ramus (the back part of your lower jaw). Bone from hip or shin bone (tibia) may be used if needed. Bone material made from bone of human cadavers or cows can be used if required. Your dentist will discuss the options available for you before the procedure.

A Typical Bone-Augmentation Procedure

 Bone augmentation procedure for a tooth can be done in your dentist’s office. Before the surgery you may be given antibiotics and pain relieving medication. The surgery is usually done under local anesthesia, but you may be given sedation if required. Local anesthesia is given both at the area where the bone augmentation is needed (recipient site) and the area from where bone will be taken (donor site). Bone is taken for the donor area and placed in the area that needs bone augmentation. After the surgery you will be prescribed antibiotics, pain medication and an antibacterial mouthwash. Follow the instructions give by your dentist regarding medications, food (such as avoid certain foods), oral hygiene and how to avoid pressure on the area while it heals. You will have to avoid wearing denture till the area heals. Bone graft takes about 6 to 12 months to heal. The implant is usually placed 6 to 12 months after the bone-augmentation procedure. 

Building Up Bone for Several Implants

 If you need several implants then the bone is usually taken from hip, shin or another site as more bone-graft material is needed than if a single implant is being placed. This procedure is usually done in a hospital under general anesthesia, and requires an overnight stay. Time needed for surgery will depend on the number of area where you need bone grafting. 

Success of Bone Grafting

 Success rate of bone grafts done for dental implants is very good. But like any other surgical procedure there is always a chance of failure after bone grafting. Cause of bone grafting failure include infection, smoking, certain medications or if the grafted bone wasn't stabilized properly. However bone grafts are not rejected like other organ transplants. 

Other Types of Bone-Augmentation Procedures

 Besides bone grafting, other types of procedures that are done to build bone so that implants can be placed areSinus lift: In this bone-augmentation procedure the height of your upper jaw is increased by filling part of your maxillary sinus for placing implants in the upper jaw.Ridge expansion: This done if your jaw is not wide enough to support implants.

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Repositioning

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Repositioning

Nerve repositioning may be needed for inferior alveolar nerve runs through the lower jaw before placing dental implant. This nerve gives sensation to the lower lip and chin. If there is significant bone loss in the lower jaw placing there is high risk of damage to this nerve while placing dental implant. 

Your dentist may consider nerve repositioning if he or she considers there is a risk of damage to the nerve while placing dental implant. 

Reasons to replace missing teeth are:

• For self confidence as missing teeth especially the front teeth can make you conscious about it.
• To prevent loss of bone from where the teeth are missing.
• Tooth loss can affect chewing and the foods that you are able to eat.
• Your bite (the way your teeth come together) can get affected by tooth loss and it can lead to problems in temporomandibular joint.
• Tooth/teeth loss can affect your speech and self-confidence.

 Types of implants

Currently several types of implants are used. Some commonly used types of implants are

•  root form,
•  blade form, 
• Ramus frame and 
• subperiosteal implants. 

For a dental implant to be successful it should fuse with the jaw bone (a process called osseointegration). The metal titanium is accepted well as part of the body and it gets well bonded with bone.

Root-form implants: It is most commonly used type of implant and is made of titanium. It is looks like a small cylinder or screw. The implant is inserted in the jawbone and after it fuses with the bone a metal collar called an abutment is attached to it. The crown, denture or bridge is eventually attached to the abutment. Success Success rate of dental implants is very good. According to studies root-form implants are successful in more than 90% of patients. Problem with these implants usually occur within the first year after insertion. However dental implant cost much more than standard dental restoration procedures.

Advantages of implants include

• They feel more natural than crowns, bridges or dentures as they are imbedded in your bone.
• They are more convenient as compared to other dental restorations such as the standard crowns, bridges or dentures.
• They make chewing and eating more comfortable as compared to dentures.
• As they look like your natural teeth, you feel more comfortable with them especially if they are on the front teeth.
• They do not affect speech but at times regular dentures can affect your speech 

Who Is an Implant Candidate

Dental implants are becoming a more popular option to replace missing tooth/teeth. However implants can not be placed in everyone who wants it. Your dentist after examining you will tell if you are suitable to get an implant. 

Some considerations before an implant are:

• You should be in good healthYou should have healthy gums
• There should be enough bone in the jaw to allow an implant to be placed in.
• You should be ready to take good care of the implanted teeth and surrounding gums. 
• You will have to maintain good oral hygiene by daily brushing and flossing and regular visits to the dentist for cleaning.
• Regular follow-up with your dentist is important. 

People who are not good candidates for implants include:

• Children whose jawbones are still growing
• Pregnant women
• Heavy smokers as smoking interfere with healing and can decrease the chance of implant success.
• Excessive use of alcohol or substance abusers
• Patients who have been administered high-dose irradiation to the head or neck
• People with chronic diseases such as hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, connective-tissue diseases, hemophilia and certain immune deficiencies
• Patients on medications that suppress the immune system such as steroids, immunosuppressant
• People with severe bruxism (who severely grind or clench their teeth) 

Your dentist after examining you will decide whether you can receive implants.Being Evaluated If you want an implant your dentist after examining you will decide whether you can receive implants.

Implant therapy involves more than one dental professional in your treatment. An oral surgeon or a periodontist will place the implant in your jaw bone. A prosthodontist or general dentist will make crowns, bridges or dentures to be placed on the implant. The oral surgeon and the prosthodontist or general dentist after examining you will coordinate the treatment and decide how many implants are needed and when and where they should be placed. 

Initial evaluation before placing an implant includes

• Examination of mouth and teeth
• Detailed review of your medical and dental histories
• X-ray of the teeth and jawsComputed tomography (CT) scan if needed 

After examining you your dentist will discuss the treatment options for you and the cost of treatment.

Information on Dental Implants

Dental implants are metal posts or frames which are placed in the jaw bone under the gums by surgery. After it is implanted surgically your dentist can put replacement teeth onto them. 

How do Dental Implants Work

 The implants after placement get fused with your jawbone. This then give a stable support for the artificial teeth or dentures and bridges. Dentures and bridges that do not slip or shift in your mouth is big advantage while eating and speaking. Another advantage of implants is that the healthy teeth adjacent to the implant don’t need to be prepared. Where as standard bridges and dentures may not be as comfortable, and need to be fixed to teeth on either side of the missing tooth/teeth. 

Prerequisite for an implant

Your gums should be healthy and there should be adequate bone to support the implant.After implant you have to maintain good oral hygiene to keep these structures healthy.Regular dental visits and cleaning as required will be needed for long-term success of dental implants.But remember that implants cost a lot more than the standard bridges and dentures. The two types of implants that are considered to be safe are endosteal implants and subperiosteal implants. When you consult your dentist for an implant he or she will advise regarding the appropriate implant for you. 

Deciding if implants are right for you

 Implants can not be placed in everyone who wants it. Your dentist after examining you will tell if you are suitable to get an implant. Some considerations before you get an implant areYou should have healthy gums and enough bone in the jaw to allow an implant to be placed in.If you have periodontal (gum) disease, infection or injury you may need antibiotics or other treatment for it before the implant is placed.If there is a severe infection in your tooth root then after extraction the area will need time to heal before the implant can be placed.At times uour jaw bone may need bone grafting or augmentation. In this procedure, before the implant is placed, your jaw bone is built up by bone grafting to increase the chance of implant success. Your dentist may do the bone grafting and place the implant at the same time. At times he or she may do the bone-graft procedure first and the place the implant after a few months (about 4 to 12 months). During this time you will be given dentures or bridge, so that you are not without teeth.You should be ready to take good care of the implanted teeth and surrounding gums. You will have to maintain good oral hygiene by daily brushing and flossing and regular visits to the dentist for cleaning.People who are not good candidates for implants includeChildren whose jawbones are still growingPregnant womenHeavy smoker as smoking interferes with healing and can decrease the chance of implant success.Excessive use of alcohol or substance abusersPatients who have been administered high-dose irradiation to the head or neckPeople with chronic diseases such as hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, connective-tissue diseases, hemophilia and certain immune deficienciesPatients on medications that suppress the immune system such as steroids, immunosuppressantPeople with severe bruxism (who severely grind or clench their teeth)Your dentist after examining you will decide whether you can receive implants.

Myths About Root Canal Treatment

Root canal is usually painful Most people fear that a root canal treatment is usually associated with pain during treatment. Your dentist or endodontist will give a local anesthesia to numb the area around the tooth. If you are very apprehensive and tense you may need sedation, such as nitrous oxide. This eliminates the pain that is caused due to the procedure. If you have pain while the procedure is being done, tell your dentist about it. Your dentist will adjust the technique to avoid causing pain again or give more anesthesia if required. As my tooth's nerves are removed, I won't feel any pain Some people think that after the root canal treatment they won’t feel any pain in the treated tooth. However this is not true. Even though the pulp of the tooth is removed the nerves that surround your tooth can feel pressure and touch. These sensations are transmitted by the nerves in the surrounding tissue. In addition after the procedure you can have soreness in the concerned tooth for two to three days. You may be prescribed pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to ease the discomfort. Why should I get a root canal treatment if the tooth may have to be taken out eventually? A tooth after root canal treatment can last for the rest of your life with proper care. To increase the longevity of your teeth maintain good oral hygiene. To maintain healthy teeth and gums brush with fluoride toothpaste (twice a day) and floss everyday. Go for regular dental checkups and professional cleanings. Root canal treatment has helped to save several teeth that would or else need extraction. If I don’t have any pain, I don't really need a root canal It is very much possible that your tooth that needs root canal therapy may not have pain. But remember that absence of pain does not mean that your tooth is healthy. Like an infection of the pulp of the tooth may not cause pain initially. But without treatment it can cause pain and swelling. In some cases untreated infection can cause pus accumulation at the root tip in the jawbone, forming an abscess. Untreated abscess can extend and destroy the bone around the tooth and cause pain. After examination if your dentist recommends root canal treatment get it done even if there are no symptoms. In root canal therapy the roots of my tooth are removed, or my whole tooth is removed A tooth has outer enamel, the dentin (main body of the tooth) and soft tooth pulp (in the center of the tooth and in canals also called root canals). Nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth through the end of the root (called the apex) and then pass through a canal inside the root to the pulp chamber. In root canal treatment, the tooth pulp which may be inflamed or infected is removed. After removing the diseased pulp tissue, the space is cleaned, shaped and filled. In root canal therapy the roots of the tooth or the whole tooth is not removed. After root canal, I don’t need to go back to the dentist for a while After root canal therapy, you might think that you don’t have to go the dentist for a sometime. But it is important to go for follow-up and have the permanent restoration placed. If the crown is not placed on the back teeth, the risk of fracturing the tooth when you bite down or chew is higher.

How Crowns and Bridges solve Dental Problems

Crowns and most of the bridges are fixed dental prosthetic devices that are cemented on the existing teeth or implants. These can be taken out by a dentist only.How do Crowns Work?                  A crown or "cap" covers the entire surface of a damaged tooth. It not only strengthens a damaged tooth, it improves its appearance, shape or alignment as well. It may be placed on an implant too to give a tooth-like shape and structure for function. Materials used to make a crown include—porcelain, ceramic, gold and metal alloys, and acrylic. Crowns made of porcelain or ceramic match the color of your natural teeth. As the alloys are stronger than porcelain they are preferred for back teeth.You may be recommended crown as a treatment option:As a replacement of a large filling if there isn't enough tooth leftPrevent fracture in a weak toothRepair a fractured toothConnect a bridgeCover up a dental implant, discolored or poorly shaped tooth, or tooth after root canal treatment How do Bridges Work?If you have one or more missing tooth a bridge may be advised. Missing teeth can cause: Remaining teeth to rotate or shift into the unfilled space of the tooth/teeth and cause bad bite.Imbalance as a result of the missing teeth can lead to gum disease and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Bridges may be used to replace one or more missing teeth. They fill the space of the missing teeth. The bridge is attached or cemented to the existing natural teeth or implants around the unfilled space of the missing tooth/teeth. Several different material are used to make bridges. Your dentist may advice you the material based on the missing tooth (or teeth), its function, aesthetic considerations and cost. Bridges made of porcelain or ceramic match the color of your natural teeth.How Long do Crowns and Bridges Last?Crowns and bridges can last for the rest of your life. But they can become loose or fall out. To increase the longevity of your crown or bridge maintain good oral hygiene. The bridge can be damaged if the teeth or bone holding it in place are affected by dental disease. To maintain healthy teeth and gums brush with fluoride toothpaste (twice a day) and floss everyday and go for regular dental checkups and professional cleanings. Do not chew hard foods, ice or other hard objects to avoid damage to your new crown or bridge.What is a crown?Crown is a fixed dental prosthetic device that is cemented on the existing teeth or implants. A crown or "cap" covers the entire surface of a damaged tooth. It not only strengthens a damaged tooth, it improves its appearance, shape or alignment as well. It may be placed on an implant too to give a tooth-like shape and structure for function.A crown may be recommended as a treatment option:As a replacement of a large filling if there isn't enough tooth leftTo prevent fracture in a weak toothTo Repair a fractured toothTo cover up a dental implant, discolored or poorly shaped tooth, or tooth after root canal treatmentThere are two types of crown--- prefabricated or made in a laboratory.Prefabricated crowns: These can be prepared from plastic or stainless steel. They are mostly used as a temporary restoration until a permanent crown is made. Rarely prefabricated crowns are used for permanent restoration.Materials used to make crowns include metal [gold alloy, other alloys (palladium) or a base-metal alloy (nickel or chromium)], porcelain fused to metal (PFM), or ceramic. Crowns made of metals or PFM are tougher and p...

Oral Health Guidelines: Filling Basics

Determining If You Need a Filling

 Your dentist will examine and tell if you need a filling. A dentist uses a small mirror to inspect the surface of all the teeth. If needed your dentist may ask for X-ray of the teeth and jaw. The treatment for your decayed tooth will be decided by the dentist after examination. Filling is done not only for decay but for cracked or broken teeth, or teeth worn due to abnormal strain such as nail-biting, tooth grinding as well. 

Steps to a Filling

 Before filling your dentist will give you local anesthesia to numb the area if necessary. The decayed tooth part is removed and the concerned area is cleaned using hand instruments or a drill or air abrasion and lasers. After removing the decay material your dentist will drill and remove a part of the healthy tooth to shape the space to prepare it for the filling. The type of filling that is best for you will be decided by your dentist based onExtent of the repair that needs to be done,Your allergies to certain materialsWhich tooth needs fillingCost factorCommonly used materials for filling are gold, porcelain, a composite resin (tooth-colored fillings), and amalgam. Some filling materials release fluoride and aid to prevent further tooth decay. After the filling is done your dentist will make use of burs to finish and polish the tooth. 

After a Filling

 Following filling you may experience some sensitivity in the tooth. The tooth may become sensitive to pressure, air, sweet foods or temperature. Sensitivity is most often caused by composite filling but other types of filling material can also make the tooth sensitive. Sensitivity in your tooth will usually subside over one to two weeks. Avoid things that cause sensitivity. Tell your dentist about the sensitivity in your tooth following the filling. Depending on the extent of sensitivity the doctor will decide what should be done next. You may have some discomfort while biting. If the pain worsens over time tell your dentist about it. The filling placed in the tooth may need to be reshaped. If the discomfort is as a sharp shock when your teeth touch it is called galvanic shock. It is caused by the two metals used as filling in your tooth (one in the newly filled tooth and one in the tooth it's touching). When the metals touch they produce an electric current in your mouth and cause the discomfort. 

Temporary Fillings

 Some people may be given a temporary filling (usually white, off-white or gray) ifFilling needs more than one appointment.A short period of time is needed for the tooth to healIf the cavity is deep and the pulp (nerve and blood vessels)  are exposed during treatment.In case of emergency dental treatment.Temporary fillings provide a soothing effect on the tooth and you may feel better after it seals the tooth, and protects the pulp from bacteria and decreases the sensitivity. Eugenol is most often used for temporary fillings. You will need to get a permanent filling as recommended by your dentist. 

Why Replace a Filling

 Remember that fillings are not everlastingly. The filling can become discolored or wear out. Fillings can get damaged because of--chewing too hard on a large filling, or fracture in the filling or the tooth that has the filling. In these cases the filling may need to be replaced. Besides this a filling may need to be changed if it falls out, leaks or cracks. A crack or leak in the filling permits food debris and bacteria in your mouth to seep below the filling. As it is difficult to clean under a fill...

Oral Health Guidelines: Filling

Filling is done in a tooth damaged by decay. It helps to return a tooth to its usual function and form. Before doing a filling the dentist takes out the decayed tooth part, and cleans the concerned area. After the cavity is clean he or she fills it with a filling material. Filling closes the space where bacteria can get deposited and grow and prevents more decay. Commonly used materials for filling are gold, porcelain, a composite resin (tooth-colored fillings), and amalgam. Amalgam is an alloy that contains mercury, silver, copper, tin and sometimes zinc. 

Which Type of Filling is Best

 No one type of filling is considered as the best type of filling. The type of filling that is best for you depends onExtent of the repair that needs to be done,Your allergies to certain materialsWhich tooth needs fillingCost factorConcerns regarding different filling material are Gold filling: Is long lasting (may last more than 20 years) and is considered by some experts as the best filling material. But it is expensive. Amalgam (silver) filling: Relatively cheap and resistant to attrition. It is dark in color and thus often not preferred for visible areas, such as front teeth.Composite (plastic) resin: Have the same color as the teeth and thus preferred for visible areas, such as front teeth. Not a suitable material for large fillings. Life of the filling varies from three to 10 years. Porcelain filling: Have the same color as the teeth and thus preferred for visible areas, such as front teeth. In addition they are stain resistant, but it is expensive. If the tooth is damaged extensively due to decay or a fracture a crown or cap may be needed. If the tooth decay has reached the nerve treatment options includeRoot canal therapy--- In this procedure the damaged nerve is removedPulp capping--- In this procedure attempt to keep the nerve alive is made. 

What Happens When You get a Filling

 Before doing a filling the dentist takes out the decayed tooth part, and cleans the concerned area. After the cavity is clean he or she fills it with a filling material. Filling closes the space where bacteria can get deposited and grow and prevents more decay. The material used for filling include gold, porcelain, a composite resin (tooth-colored fillings), and amalgam. 

How Do I Know if I Need a Filling

 Your dentist will examine and tell if you need a filling. A dentist uses a small mirror to inspect the surface of all the teeth. If needed your dentist may ask for X-ray of the teeth and jaw. The treatment for your decayed tooth will be decided by the dentist after examination.

What is Implant Supported Denture?

Dental implantsare metal posts or frames which are placed in the jaw bone under the gums by surgery. In implant-supported denture the overdenture is supported by and attached to implants placed in your jaw where as the standard denture is rests directly on the gums. Most of the regular dentures tend to fit less firmly in the mouth. But remember that for placing implant-supported denture there should be enough bone in the jaw to support the implants. Implant supported dentures can be made for both the upper and lower jaw. But they are usually preferred for the lower jaw and a regular denture is made for the upper jaw. The implant-supported dentures can be removed easily. 

How Does It Work

 The two common types of implant-supported dentures areBar-retained dentures andBall-retained dentures.The base of the denture is made of acrylic base and look like natural gums, and the teeth are made of porcelain or acrylic that look like natural teeth.Bar-retained dentures: They need least three implants. A thin metal bar is attached to the implant placed in your jawbone. The denture is placed over the bar.Ball-retained dentures: They need at least two implants. These implants have a metal attachment that fits into another attachment on the denture. 

The Implant Process

 The implants are mostly placed in the front part of the jaw bone as it tends to havemore bone as compared to the back of your jaw even if your teeth have been missing for some time. After a tooth is lost you begin to lose bone in the area. In addition the front part of the jaw bone has fewer nerves or other structures that can interfere with the placement of implants. Time needed to complete implant placement can vary from a few months (about five months in the lower jaw and seven months in the upper jaw) to a year or more. Most implants are placed in two surgeries. Some dental implants may be placed in one surgery.First surgery: The implant is placed in the jawbone under your gumsSecond surgery: Is done to expose the tops of the implant usually after three to six months 

Initial consultation

 Dental implants are placed by a dental specialist called a prosthodontist or a general dentist with advanced training for placing dental implants. If you want an implant your dentist after examining you will decide whether you can receive implants.Initial evaluation before placing an implant includesExamination of mouth and teethDetailed review of your medical and dental historiesX-ray of the teeth and jawsComputed tomography (CT) scan if neededYour dentist will make a complete denture for you if you don’t have one. This temporary denture is used till implant-supported denture is completed. The position of the teeth in temporary denture helps your dentist to determine the best position for the teeth in your implant-supported denture. The dentist uses the temporary denture as a guide for help to place the implants in the proper positions in your jaw. First surgery: In the first surgery the implant is placed in the jawbone. After the surgery you will be advised not to put pressure on the implant, avoid eating hard foods and won’t be able to wear temporary denture for about a month. Your temporary dentures will be modified after the implant is placed to make sure it fits properly and reduces the pressure on your gums. The second surgery fo...

What is Implant Supported Bridge?

Dental implants are metal posts or frames which are placed in the jaw bone under the gums by surgery. An implant-supported bridge is just like a regular dental bridge which is supported by implants and not the natural teeth. When an implant-supported bridge is made an implant is placed in the jawbone in place of all missing teeth. Separate crown on top of each implant are not placed, the crowns of all the teeth are connected to each other to form one piece. 

When Is This Used

 If you have more than one missing tooth an implant-supported bridge can be made. You may be given a implant supported bridge if your dentist is concerned that you might apply excess pressure on individual implants if they are not connected. In an implant supported bridge pressure on individual implant is reduced. Some considerations before an implant areYou should be in good healthYou should have healthy gumsThe natural teeth and gums around the implant must be healthy.There should be enough bone in the jaw to allow an implant to be placed in.You should be ready to take good care of the implanted teeth and surrounding gums. You will have to maintain good oral hygiene by daily brushing and flossing and regular visits to the dentist for cleaning.Regular follow-up with your dentist is important. 

How Does It Work

 If your dentist cannot place an implant in a certain place in your mouth because of less bone in the jaw there or there is a concern that it may touch nerve or sinus cavity he or she may make a implant-supported bridge.An implant-supported bridge hasA titanium implant placed in the jawbone after surgery.An abutment (collar) is placed on the head of each implant which supports good healing of the gums.The bridge made of a series of porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns 

Caring for Your Implant-Supported Bridge

 Tips to care for your Implant-Supported bridgeClean the area between the gum and the bridge daily with floss or a small brush.Regularly visit your dentist in the first year after the implant is placed for checkup and cleaning.Consult your dentist if you feel the bridge does not fit well or if you have soreness in your mouth or any other problem. 

What Will X-Rays Show

 The implants in the jaw, the abutments and the bridge are visualized on the X-ray. X-ray will be done when the implant and bridge are being placed to check if the implants, abutments and attachments are in the right places. 

Possible Complications

 Besides the complications of surgery like bleeding, infection, implant failure there are other risks associated with implant-supported bridge areTeeth on the implant can become loose or fracture.screws can fracture or loosen, and 

What Can You Expect From Your Implant

 An implant-supported bridge is better and more stable than a removable partial denture. Advantages of implants includeThey make chewing and eating more comfortable as compared to the standard dentures.They look more natural than the standard crowns, bridges or denture

What happens during a Dental Checkup?

Find a dentist before an emergency. The dentist should be close to home or work as this makes it easier to go for a scheduled visit. Make sure that you feel comfortable with the dentist and your dentist listens to you, understands your concerns, and gives you adequate time. Go for regular dental checkups, ideally once every six months.During a regular visit your dentist will;Do a thorough cleaning. The dentist or a dental hygienist will clean the teeth using special instruments that aid to scrape below the gumline, to remove plaque and tartar. Plaque and tartar lead to gum disease, cavities, bad breath and other dental problems. If required the dentist or the dental hygienist will polish and floss your teeth.A thorough examination of your teeth, gums and mouth to rule out gum disease or other problems. This will ensure to maintain good oral health and help in early diagnosis and treatment of oral problems.If required he or she will do X-rays and other tests to diagnose problems which are not obvious but suspected such as damage to jawbones, impacted teeth, abscesses, cysts or tumors, and decay between the teeth.

How Long Should I go Between Visits

Regular dental checkups are needed ideally once every six months. But if you have a problem and further treatment is needed your dentist may want to see you before that.

All about Dental Sealants and how they help prevent Tooth Decay?

At times your dentist may place a plastic coating on the chewing (occlusal) surface of the permanent back teeth (the molars and premolars). This plastic coating is known as sealant and it helps to protect the teeth from decay.Why are dental sealants used on teeth?The chewing (occlusal) surface of the permanent back teeth (the molars and premolars) has grooves or "fissures." Food particles get deposited in the narrow grooves and it can be difficult to clean them as the fissures can be deep and narrower than even a single bristle of a toothbrush. Plaque (a sticky substance that is formed when bacteria present in the mouth get deposited along with saliva, food particles and other natural substances on the surface of the teeth) gets accumulated in them. The bacteria in plaque break the sugar (carbohydrate) in food and lead to formation of acid in the mouth and can lead to tooth decay if it is not removed. The dental sealants protect the grooved and pitted areas by creating a smooth surface by covering the fissured area.When are dental sealants applied?In children a dentist may apply sealant as soon as the molar teeth come fully into the mouth (erupt) to protect them from caries. Application of dental sealant on the chewing (occlusal) surfaces of these teeth helps to protect the tooth from caries.Can dental sealants be used only on the chewing surface of molar and premolar permanent teeth?Dental sealants are mostly used to cover the chewing (occlusal) surfaces of the back permanent teeth (the molars and premolars) as they have grooves or pits. The sealant helps to protect these teeth for decay. They may be placed on other teeth if they have grooves or pits.Can dental sealants be used on teeth of adults?Yes sealants can be placed on teeth of adults as well. But they are used less often in adults. They are used in adults if they have deep grooves and fissures that do not already have fillings or dental sealants.What do dental sealants look like?Various types of sealant are present. They can be clear, white or have a slight tint depending on the type of dental sealant that is used.How are dental sealants placed?Your dentist will first clean your teeth with a paste and brush, then rinse and dry your tooth/teeth. An acidic solution will be placed on the tooth to make a fine rougher surface than the surrounding tooth enamel (this rough surface promotes the dental sealant to attach to the tooth). After drying the tooth your dentist will place the liquid dental sealant on the tooth and it is hardened by using a light. After the sealant hardens on the tooth you can chew on the tooth again.How long does a dental sealant last?Dental sealants have been proven to be effective in preventing decay on chewing (occlusal) surfaces. They can last for years and can be reapplied if needed.Is fluoride needed after dental sealant is placed?Yes, as the sealants protect only the surface they are applied on where as fluoride protects all the surfaces of the tooth from decay and cavities.

What is the Treatment for Tooth Decay?

If you have been diagnosed with tooth decay by your dentist, then you will need to go through a series of treatments to cure it. You will not want to let it proceed without getting the proper treatment as the pain of tooth decay can be shocking. This article looks at what the treatment for tooth decay will entail. 

Flouride Treatment

 Flouride is very important to your dental health, and it is prevalent in many dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash. There should also be healthy traces of it in natural tap water. Flouride helps to prevent cavities and tooth decay and it’s generally the first thing dentists advise or prescribe when they see traces of tooth decay.Alternately the dentist may decide that the affected teeth need a concentrated version of fluoride and this can be applied as a gel or a paste and left on for a period of time. This procedure may need to be done a couple of times. 

Fillings

When the tooth decay has eroded deeper than the enamel, the dentist will advise getting it filled. The cavity in the affected tooth is refilled with a solution which will restore it to its former health. The filling is made of silver amalgam, composite resins, gold or ceramics. Silver amalgam – a mixture of metals like mercury and tin – is the most popular choice, as it’s the easiest to implement, and it’s not as expensive. 

Crowns

When the tooth is almost irreparable, and a filling will only weaken it, another method is employed, called crowning. The decayed tooth is moved, and the area is treated and a crown or a covering jack is inserted. Crowns can be made of porcelain or gold.

Root Canal Treatment is required in very extreme circumstances, i.e., when the nerves are also damaged. 

The pulp of the tooth – and the decayed part – are removed, and the area is sealed to prevent bacteria from infecting the exposed gum and causing gum diseases. This procedure is normally carried out by an orthodontist. 

Here are some ways to prevent tooth-decay:  

• Brush twice every day.
• Rinse your mouth after each meal.
• Avoid eating regular snacks when you can’t clean your teeth afterwards.Eat foods like cheese, fruit and vegetables.
• Use fluoride toothpaste.
• Drink tap water, as this has fluoride in it.
• Visit the dentist regularly.  

If you are wondering what the treatment for tooth-decay is, then this article should have given you a good idea of what lies ahead of you. Don’t let it get to the point where you need to have root canal treatment or have the tooth extracted because of negligence.

Dental Bridges: Pros and Cons

Dental Bridges are a popular prosthetic-cosmetic solution if you have missing teeth. They usually consist of a pontic or full tooth in the centre with two crowns on either side which are supported on abutments or filed down teeth. Other variations exist but that depends on the nature of your condition. Before taking a decision on dental surgery arm yourself with information on the pros and cons. 

Pros

•  Aesthetics Dental Bridges are made of a variety of material ranging from alloys of porcelain and metal to solid gold. These enhance your appearance and most people choose the ones that lookperfectly natural. The cosmetic dentist will give you a choice over the shade and colour of your bridge.  
• Speech :After surgery your speech is likely to improve as you will have the perfect denture. 
• Dental bridges can be made for multiple missing teeth and last for a number of years. So you do not have to worry about losing your perfect diction ever. 
• Biting Dental Bridges are cemented in place so you can chew your food properly without having the trouble to take on/off the fake teeth. Since they function like your natural teeth you can bite anything you want without being concerned over sensitivity. 
• Form Dental bridges are helpful in preventing other teeth from drifting out of position. They complete the structure and keep all of your teeth where they belong. 

Cons

•  Expensive Dental Bridges are normally very expensive and even when insurance covers the cost of the surgery it will do so partially. The price also depends on the type of bridge you select. It is also advisable to consider possible post-surgery maintenance expenses. 
• Hygiene : Dental bridges require strict levels of oral hygiene. If you are lazy about brushing, flossing and regular check-ups you are likely to end up with serious problems like foul breath and infections due to collection of food debris. 
• Trauma: In case of an accident you might severely damage your bridge and consequently the gums and other teeth. In such a case you might require root canal therapy. 
• Sensitivity: Normally your teeth will be sensitive for some weeks. In certain cases it might become a problem and you might end up at the dentist’s clinic more often than imagined. 
• Cement Leakage: Although most dental bridges are held firmly together with either resin or different kinds of adhesives they might leak and cause more problems. This usually happens when the dental bridge is about to expire. This calls for emergency replacement. 
• Abutment:s In preparation of the neighbouring teeth as abutments you will experience a permanent loss. They will have to be cut down to size so that crowns can rest on those. In case your dental bridge fails to perform you will be left with no choice but to wear crowns on the trimmed teeth.

Is it Necessary to Remove Wisdom Teeth?

Prevention or Cure

 There are two schools of thought when it comes to the removal of wisdom teeth. The first tells you to not bother it till it bothers you. The second aims at preventive cure. However, given that most people would shudder at the thought of having their teeth pulled out of their jaws, the former mostly wins. It is extremely rare to find young people between the ages 17 and 25 who would take pains to have regular x rays to find out their future wisdom teeth issues. 

Impacted

 In this view, you should know that dentists and maxillofacial surgeons advice wisdom tooth extraction when it becomes “impacted”. The term refers to misaligned growth. Since we have evolved to have smaller jaws wisdom teeth are vestigial in that regard. Owing to lack of space they may try to grow slanted thereby pushing the neighbouring molar or dangerously close to it. Besides pain caused to the molar, a cyst may form in the empty space between where the supposed alignment should be and the head of the wisdom tooth. To add more trouble, collected food debris can supply infections. If unchecked, tumours can form. The excruciating pain an impacted wisdom tooth causes, extraction seems inevitable 

Erupted

 When the wisdom tooth grows partially it may still be covered with a layer of soft tissues over it. This covering makes it more vulnerable as a site of infections. Incomplete eruptions are more painful than impacted wisdom teeth. The pain may extend all over the mouth and neck and the patient may not be able to eat or speak properly. However, if one chooses to get extraction done, the involved risks should be taken into account. 

Risks

• Dry Socket: If the initial blood clot over the extracted site is lost, severe inflammation can occur. It is normally due to the sucking action of a straw or a cigarette. Also, if you rinse your mouth within 24 hours of the surgery the normal clotting process may be hindered.Inflammation: Other inflammations can also happen post procedure. It is important to know if you are suffering from dry socket or any other swellings.  
• Nerve Damage: If the tooth is not pulled out properly severe damage to facial nerves can take place. The patient may be affected with a variety of conditions later ranging from permanent numbness to speech problems.
• Excessive bleeding: if you continue to bleed after 24 hours of the extraction you should consult your doctor. Loss of blood can lead to further complications.You are also at a remote risk of jaw fracture and the opening of the sinus cavity through the upper gums. One should not let fear and paranoia get better of oneself but carefully consider each risk factor and ask relevant question to the doctor before and after the surgery.

Conclusion

 Anyways its the best to always remove the wisdom tooth once you find it out to avoid further complicationssss

Tooth Darkening after Root Canal

Once you approach your dentist with a relatively minor or even a near serious dental problem such as tooth decay or accidental loosening of tooth due to trauma, he will most likely suggest a root canal for you. Although tooth darkening is considered to be one of the major side effects of this form of treatment, it is still favoured over other more complicated forms which involve painful extractions and probably hospitalisations as well. The reasons could be many. To begin with, it is a fast and smooth process which can be carried out through multiple sittings in the dentist’s chamber itself.Despite the problems, you can still retain your original tooth, albeit in a different shape and form.The medical process involved is relatively simple and can be completed quite easily by administering local anaesthesia. 

Treating Discoloured Tooth

 Root canal treatments can often give rise to tooth discolouration. This can be caused due to the lack of precision on the part of the dentist. Sometimes the dentist may not have removed a portion of the pulp or the nerve tissue during the operative procedure. Although this does not have any harmful repercussions as far as the fate of the root canal or the general health of the affected tooth is considered, the resultant aftermath could be ugly dental stains. 

Tooth staining can occur due to various reasons. Non persistent ones can be easily treated with the help of tooth bleaches, over-the-counter whiteners, whitening toothpastes and some such simple remedies. However, such external applications may not exhibit satisfactory results in cases of tooth darkening after root canal. Such cases will definitely require a more specialised and internalised treatment for noticeable results. 

The treatment for such dental stains can be administered through the following sequential steps: 

• One needs to visit a dentist; preferably the one who has performed the earlier operation. 
• The first thing he would do is to remove the dental fillings and clean the pulp or the dental tissue which has remained within. 
• The entire pulp needs to be cleaned with absolute precision.
• Once the cause of discolouration has been eliminated, the next step is damage control. 
• You can choose to whiten the discoloured tooth with hydrogen peroxide, which is considered to be an effective whitener. Using carbamide peroxide is also an option. 
• The whitening should be done in such a way so that the colour of the tooth matches those of the rest. 
• It is important to ensure a uniform shade of white. Or else, the whitened teeth might just stick out like a sore thumb, spoiling your entire look!
• Once the whitening job is complete, fresh fillings need to go in, for sealing the cavity. The task is completed only after the cavity has been secured to perfection.

Tooth darkening is a common aftermath of this sort of treatment. However, the good news is that it can be addressed effectively through simple remedies such as the one explained above. Always remember to seek expert guidance for treating such specific dental stains.

Breast feeding and tooth decay

Does Breastfeeding Cause Tooth Decay?

It has been established without any doubt that breast milk is the best possible food for infants and babies, and as far as nutrition and protection from infections go, nothing can beat it. However there is one point of controversy in the whole ‘goodness of breastfeeding’ school of thought, and that is ‘does breastfeeding cause tooth decay’ or effect dental health?Though it is frequently said that breastfeeding, especially at night, will cause tooth decay, a valid link has not been made between breastfeeding and cavities, like letting a baby sleep with a bottle at night can cause “baby bottle mouth”.

Dental decay in baby teeth was rare before bottles were used to feed babies and formulas as a substitute for mother’s milk were developed. Two dentists, Dr. Brian Palmer and Dr. Harold Torney, in their study of tooth decay in children, have done extensive research on human skulls from 500 to 1000 years old. Obviously these children were breastfed, and probably for an extended length of time. The two dentist’s research have led them to conclude that breastfeeding does not cause tooth decay. 

One reason for night time bottles causing tooth decay is that the liquid stays in contact with the teeth for a long period due to pooling of the liquid inside the mouth. 

Whereas in breast milk, the milk doesn’t flow unless the baby is actively sucking. Moreover, breast milk enters the baby’s mouth behind the teeth, and, if baby is sucking, s/he is also swallowing. So the pooling of milk does not happen. 

The cause of tooth decay is streptococcus mutans, a bacteria present in plaque. These bacteria combine with food sugars to form an acid which actually causes the decay. The bacteria streptococcus mutans thrives in a combination of sugars, low amounts of saliva and a low ph – level in the saliva. 

Some people are thought to have increased levels of these bacteria, putting them at a higher risk of tooth decay. After a baby gets teeth, s/he can get this bacteria from saliva to saliva contact with the mother or some other close relative or caregiver. According to Dr. Brian Palmer, “Human milk alone does not cause dental caries.” Until recently, the only studies that had been done were the effects of lactose on teeth, not the effects of breast milk as a whole. 

Breast milk contains lactose or milk sugar which helps in causing tooth decay, but it also contains lactoferrin which actually kills the decay causing bacteria streptococcus mutans. According to an article published in ‘Paediatric Dentistry’ human breast milk is not cariogenic. More studies by Dr. Torney has led him to conclude that under normal circumstances, the antibodies in breast milk will counteract the bacteria in the mouth that cause decay. 

But if there are small defects in the enamel, then the protective effect of breast milk is not enough to prevent decay due to the combined effects of bacteria and milk sugar. According to this research, a baby who is only breastfed and no supplementary bottle or even juice or solids are given to him/her, will not have tooth decay unless he is genetically predisposed, e.g. has soft or no enamel. 

The conclusion of all this research seems to be that breastfeeding does not cause tooth decay.

Before and After Tooth Extraction

Need for tooth extraction

You may need tooth extraction for several reasons. 

Some of these include:

• Tooth decay that has extended deep into the tooth
• If infection destroys a large portion of the tooth or surrounding bone
• If the space in your mouth is  not for all the teeth
• If you have impacted teeth or tooth that has erupted partially. An impacted tooth may cause no problems or may become painful when it tries to erupt. The pain can radiate or may be felt in nearby teeth or the ear on the same side. A partially erupted tooth can cause other problems like gum swelling, tooth decay, change in bite (the way the teeth come together), and an infection (pericoronitis) due to collection of food and other debris under the gum. Impacted tooth can cause formation of a follicular (dentigerous) cyst as well. This can injure nearby teeth and even destroy the nearby bone. 

How are Teeth Removed?

Before extraction your dentist will take a complete medical and dental history and do a clinical examination. If required he or she will do X-rays. X-rays helps your dentist to assess the length, shape, position of the tooth and surrounding bone. This helps your dentist to assess probable difficulty he or she may have while doing the procedure and if to refer you to a specialist dentist called an oral surgeon. 

Your dentist will give you local anesthesia and numb the area in your mouth and then extract the tooth with dental forceps.

What can I Expect After an Extraction?

• After your tooth/teeth are removed maintain your oral hygiene to prevent infection in that area. 
• After removal you will have bleeding for sometime (30 to 45 minutes). Bite down gently on a piece of dry, sterile gauze, as advised by your dentist for 30 to 45 minutes to control bleeding and to let a clot form.
• Avoid smoking, 
• do not rinse your mouth briskly, or clean the teeth next to the extraction site for 24 hours after extraction. 
• You will be given simple analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve pain and discomfort which occurs after extraction. 
• If needed apply ice pack on the face for 15 minutes every three to four hours if you have pain. The pain and discomfort usually decrease within three days to two weeks. 
• Do not drink hot liquids and liquids through a straw. 
• Rinse your mouth gently with warm salt water
• Consult your dentist if you have - severe pain, persistent bleeding, fever, increasing swelling 

Common reasons for tooth extraction are:

• Tooth decay or fracture: Your tooth may need removal if the damage to the tooth by decay or a fracture is too extensive to be repaired by doing filling, crown or other treatment.
  
• Extra tooth - which may block the eruption of a normal tooth
  
• Orthodontic procedures - may need teeth extraction to make room for the teeth or the restoration (crown, bridge) that is being placed.
  
• Cancer patients who are going to receive radiation to the head and neck Cancer patients on chemotherapy may develop infection of teeth which may need to be extracted.
  
• Patients for an organ transplant may need some teeth extraction if the teeth may increases their risk of infection after the transplant, when they are given immunosuppressive medications.
• Wisdom teeth - if they cause problems like gum swelling, tooth decay, change in bite (the way the teeth come together), or infection (pericoronitis)
  

Preparation

Before extraction your dentist will take a complete medical and dental history and do a clinical examination. If required he or she will do X-rays. X-rays helps your dentist to assess the length, shape, position of the tooth and surrounding bone. Relationship of upper teeth to the sinuses and the lower teeth to the inferior alveolar nerve can also be evaluated in X-rays. You may be given antibiotics to be taken before and after surgery.You are more likely to receive antibiotics if you have infection at the time of surgery or have weak immune system, or are very young or elderly.

Your dentist will give you local anesthesia and numb the area in your mouth and then extract the tooth with dental forceps. Teeth extraction usually is a relatively routine procedure. But wisdom tooth/teeth extraction is not as simple as extracting other teeth. You may be given general anesthesia (to put you to sleep) if the wisdom teeth are being removed.

 How it is Done

Your tooth may be removed by simple extraction or by surgical extraction

Simple extraction: 

Teeth seen are the mouth extracted by simple extraction. Simple tooth extraction is usually a relatively routine procedure. Your dentist will do the extraction under local anesthesia with dental forceps.

Surgical extraction: 

This procedure is done by oral surgeons to extract teeth are not seen well in the mouth because they have broken off at the gum line or have not erupted completely. The oral surgeon will do the extraction under a local anesthesia or conscious sedation. Some people and young children may need general anesthesia. Your surgeon will make an incision in your gum to reach the tooth and then remove the teeth. If all your wisdom teeth need to be removed, they are usually taken out at the same time.Wisdom teeth are the most difficult to remove. An impacted or tilted wisdom tooth is more difficult to remove. 

Follow-Up

• Pain: Simple extractions are usually not very painful after the procedure. Simple analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can control the pain well in a few days. Where as surgical extractions are more painful. The discomfort and pain usually last longer than after a simple extraction. You will need stronger analgesics to control the pain. The post surgical pain usually decreases and disappears in a few days. If needed apply ice pack on the face to reduce pain ad post-operative swelling.
• Bleeding: After extraction you will have bleeding for sometime. Bite down gently on a piece of dry, sterile gauze, as advised by your dentist for 30 to 45 minutes to control bleeding and to let a clot form. You can have mild bleeding for next 24 hours or so. Remember not to disturb the clot that forms on the gums after extraction. The area may still bleed minimally for the next 24 hours or so and taper off after that. Don’t disturb the clot that forms on the wound.
• Oral hygiene: Do not rinse your mouth briskly, or clean the teeth next to the extraction site for 24 hours after extraction. Rinse your mouth gently with warm salt water as this helps to clean the area.
• Foods: Avoid smoking and eat soft foods as advised by your dentist. You can slowly start eating as normal diet as you feel comfortable. Do not drink hot liquids and liquids through a straw. 

Risks

Some common complications that can occur after tooth extraction are

• Infection
• Dry socket: In this condition blood clot doesn’t form after extraction or blood clot prematurely breaks off or breaks down. This exposes the underlying bone to air and food and causes pain, bad odor or taste.Accidental trauma to adjacent teeth, such as fracture
• Incomplete extraction. In this condition the tooth root remains in the jaw.Fracture of the jaw. May occur in elderly with osteoporosis of the jaw due to pressure put on the jaw while extraction.
• Perforation of the sinus during removal of upper molar. It may heal by itself in a few weeks but if it does not additional surgery will needed.

When To Call a Professional

Consult your dentist or oral surgeon if the pain and swelling worsen instead of improving after 24-48 hours.You have fever, chills or redness in the area.You have persistent bleeding even if mild after 24 hours.

How Fluoride Helps in Teeth Decay Prevention?

Fluoride's Importance To The Teeth

 Enamel is the outer part of crown of the teeth. Crown is the part of the teeth that is seen in the mouth. 

Demineralization (loss of minerals) and remineralization (deposition of minerals) of the crown of the teeth inside the enamel naturally occurs in your mouth. This is a daily process. 

The acid that is formed in the mouth after eating dissolves the calcium and phosphorous under the tooth's surface. The acid is formed by the bacteria in the plaque from the sugar in your mouth. When the saliva becomes less acidic, calcium and phosphorous are deposited (remineralization) on the teeth to keep your teeth hard. If excessive demineralization occurs without adequate remineralization to repair the enamel of the tooth it causes tooth decay. In presence of fluoride calcium and phosphorous are deposited much better than they would otherwise be. This helps to strengthen your teeth better. 

Fluoride prevents cavities by functioning in two different ways 

Fluoride strengthens enamel: 

In children fluoride concentrates in the developing teeth and strengthens the enamel. In adults it acts on the enamel of the teeth that have erupted and hardens the enamel. 

Fluoride and demineralization and remineralization of teeth:

Demineralization and remineralization of the teeth naturally occur in your mouth. The acid that is formed in the mouth after eating dissolves the calcium and phosphorous under the tooth's surface. When the saliva becomes less acidic, calcium and phosphorous are deposited (remineralization) on the teeth to keep your teeth hard. In presence of fluoride calcium and phosphorous are deposited much better than they would otherwise be. This helps to strengthen your teeth better. 

Fluoride Treatments

 In adults and children with healthy teeth that are low risk of decay fluoride in drinking water and brushing regularly with a fluoride containing toothpaste is sufficient to meet the fluoride requirement. The fluoride present in the water and food, from supplements is absorbed from the stomach and enters the blood stream. This reaches the developing teeth in the jaws in young children. 

Topical fluoride treatment with fluoridated toothpaste, mouthwashes or professionally applied fluoride treatments, maintains high fluoride levels in the mouth for several hours afterward. Consult your dentist for advice regarding fluoride supplement especially if you have children. 

Fluoride Supplements: Who Needs Them

 Children 6 months to 16 years-- if they drink water deficient in fluoride.

 It is recommended that not only children but adults should also use fluoridated toothpaste. However be cautious about the toothpaste as too much fluoride can cause fluorosis in young children.

• Use only a small pea-sized amount of toothpaste on your child’s toothbrush who is less than 6 years.
• Teach your child to spit the paste after brushing.
• Do not use flavored toothpaste as this may encourage swallowing.

Fluoride treatment is often prescribed for children when their teeth are developing especially if your child has cavities or is at high risk of developing cavities. The extra fluoride such as fluoride mouth rinses can promote remineralization. Consult your dentist or pediatrician for fluoride supplement for your child.

Can Fluoride Cause Harm

 Like any other medication fluoride is safe and useful when used at the recommended dose but can be unsafe and harmful at high doses. Parents should not keep fluoride tablets within a child’s reach at home and must monitor the use of all fluoride products such as toothpaste, fluoride tablets. Toxic ...

How Safe are Dental X Rays?

Almost all medical investigations and treatments are associated with some risks and dental X-rays are no exclusion. There are many benefits of dental X-rays such as they help to diagnose cavities, periodontal disease and infections when they are not evident on examination. If the disease in the tooth and beneath the gums cannot be diagnosed--

• Many patients will be diagnosed in late stage of a disease and would experience more pain and discomfort and possibly lose more teeth because proper treatment would be started later.
• Probably more expensive and complicated procedures and treatment will be needed.

Therefore X-rays are considered by the dentists as one of the best diagnostic tools in dentistry for helping patients to preserve good oral health. But like any other X-ray dental X-rays are also associated with risk. However the risk is less as compared to the diagnostic benefit.

Dentists are aware of the risk associated with X-rays, and to prevent excessive exposure your doctor will take care not to recommend X-ray unless required. There is nothing like routine X-ray.

Several advances have been made to limit X-ray exposure. In addition it is important to realize that many critical organs such as the breast, gonads are not exposed to radiation during dental X-ray. 

Some means to limit X-ray exposure and the associated risks include;

• Use of reduced X-ray dose by limiting the beam to the specific area that is being X-rayed.
• Use of Improved X-ray film so that less exposure is needed to get good quality films.
• Regular X-ray machine checks for accuracy and safety
• Use of lead shields to prevent exposure to other parts of the body
• Use of digital radiography a newer kind of X-ray that reduces radiation by as much as 80 percent.

Benefits of Laser Teeth Whitening

A perfect smile is a wish of many! With advancements in science and technology, it is now possible to rectify natural flaws. There are many teeth whitening products such as teeth whitening toothpaste and strips which are available in the market today but the benefits of laser teeth whitening last longer than any of them. 

Benefits of Laser Teeth Whitening

 Laser teeth whitening is a good option because the procedure is painless and quick and the results are guaranteed. 

Compared to other teeth whitening products available in the market today, the benefits of laser teeth whitening are:

• The procedure is very simple. Laser tooth whitening does not require an actual laser. Instead, a light activated system is used. It does not require any surgery.
• Laser teeth whitening hardly takes any time. Other teeth whitening methods might require multiple sittings for prolonged periods.However, a laser teeth whitening procedure is done in one sitting of around 45 minutes. Once done, the results will remain visible for two years at least.   
• Safety is important in any kind of cosmetic procedure. While use-at-home teeth whitening kits or strips have to be administered by the consumer himself, laser teeth whitening is handled strictly by professionals.
• The results achieved are consistent, dramatic and guaranteed. Whitening toothpastes merely clean the stains on the surface. Other procedures might take days with no guarantee of results but laser teeth whitening provides visible guaranteed shade improvement in just one sitting.   
• Inappropriate use of over-the-counter bleaching products can often weaken the teeth and the gum line. Prolonged use of such products can cause abrasion and damage the teeth permanently. However, when the laser teeth whitening procedure is conducted, certain measures are taken to protect gum sensitivity such as the use of a neutralizing gel or a rubber shield.
• The results are long term vis-à-vis other methods. Once the procedure is done, the results last up to minimum two years.

Yellow or stained teeth can mar self-esteem considerably and laser teeth whitening are particularly helpful for such individuals. Apart from being safe, quick and consistent,the multiple benefits of laser teeth whitening alsoinclude tremendous boost to one’s confidence.

What Is Dental Anxiety and Phobia?

Some people may avoid dental visits although most dental procedures are not painful. However just the thought of dental examination can make some people feel stressed. Some anxiety or stress about going to a dentist or any doctor is okay. But if the thought of dental visit is terrifying and you would do just about anything to avoid a dental appointment it is not normal. A person with dental phobia will do anything to avoid a dental visit such as bear pain due to gum infections (periodontal disease) or cavities.

Dental anxiety and phobia are more common than actually appreciated and both are not the same thing. People with dental anxiety have exaggerated or unfounded worries or fears and are stressed before their appointment whereas people with dental phobia panic or have intense fear or dread dental appointments and treatment. At times a person with dental phobia may never see a dentist. People with dental anxiety and phobia are at higher risk of gum and teeth disease, premature tooth loss, and may have to bear emotional costs as well. Discolored or damaged teeth, poor oral hygiene can make a person self-conscious and insecure. Dental anxiety and phobia are very treatable conditions like any other mental disorder. 

Causes Of Dental Anxiety And Phobia

There are several reasons of dental anxieties and phobias, but some of the common causes are;

• Fear of pain especially after a painful previous experience
• Feeling of helplessness and loss of control while undergoing treatment in a dental chair,
• Embarrassment in opening mouth, especially if the dental hygiene is poor, and if a person is self-conscious about the appearance of his or her teeth. 

Symptoms

There are no specific symptoms that differentiate normal anxiety from phobia. Normally a dental appointment or chek up should not fill you with terror. If it does, then you probably have dental anxiety or phobia. 

Some symptoms of dental phobia are: 

• You are stressed or have difficulty in sleeping the night before a dental appointment
• You are very anxious and nervous in the doctor’s waiting room.
• Prospect of a dental visit makes you feel sick
• You panic during the dental examination and suddenly find it difficult to breathe. 

Treatments And Coping Methods

Communicating With Your Dentist

• Go to a dentist with whom you feel comfortable with, who listens to you, understands your concerns, and gives you adequate time. Talk to your dentist about your concerns and fears. Most dental treatment can be made painless.
• If you actively participate in planning your treatment with your doctor it can give you a feeling of control that can help you to feel less anxious.
• Understand about the procedures and ask if the treatment can be done over a few sittings than one appointment. Know in advance what's happening at every stage of the procedure so that you can prepare yourself and you won't be taken by surprise.
• If you are worried about pain ask the dentist the types of pain control available and what will be best for you.
• To help lower your anxiety during the appointment, ask your dentist to explain what's happening at every stage of the procedure.
• You can request your dentist to stop for a while during treatment if you feel panicky or anxious. 

Don’t be embarrassed to discuss your fears as many people have are afraid of dental procedures. If your dentist is aware about your concerns he or she will be better address your problem in a better way.

Distraction

You can try to reduce your stress during a dental appointment by using a distraction such as engaging in something pleasant that you like such as listening to music or watching TV. 

Pain Control

Fear of pain especially after a painful previous experience is a major cause of anxiety or phobia. Currently many medications and techniques are available that can reduce or eliminate pain during most procedures. If you are worried about pain ask the dentist the types of pain control available and what will be best for you. If you are comforted that the procedure won’t be painful it can help to reduce your anxiety. 

Relaxation Techniques

Relaxation techniques can help to lower your anxiety during a dental appointment or procedure. Some of the common and effective relaxation techniques that can help you include deep breathing, music therapy, yoga, meditation. These techniques are easy to learn. You can consult a therapist for them, but remember that you have to practice it regularly in order for them to be effective. Certain alternative therapies such as acupuncture and acupressure can also be useful. 

Sedation

If you are really anxious and tense then you may request your dentist to give you sedatives such as diazepam (Valium) to relax the central nervous system and help feel calmer. 

Therapy

If your anxiety or phobia is so extreme that you avoid dentist even if you have painful tooth consult a psychologist. Psychologists and psychiatrists can counsel or give cognitive therapy, or if needed medication to overcome fear.